Troubadours, Trouvères, & Trobairitz

Three paramount factors to consider when attempting to replicate the manner in which a troubadour piece was originally performed are rhythm, the use instrumental accompaniment and the amount of faithfulness with which the given melodies should be treated.

The life and complete works, in old Occitan and modern French, of Peire Cardenal (1180-1278), the most satirical of the troubadours.

A searchable bibliography of texts -- from private letters, wills, and household accounts to literary works, philosophical treatises, chronicles, court proceedings, church records, and a host of other documents -- that were written in the Middle Ages and are now available in printed or online editions and translations. The aim is to provide annotated entries that include information on the genre, contents, archival reference and original language of the text, as well as whether the publication includes a translation, introduction, appendices, glossary, and index. Where appropriate, the bibliography also includes hyperlinks to sources that are online.

Includes English translations of works by the Count of Poitou, Jaufre Rudel, Bernart of Ventadorn, Bertran de Born, Arnaut Daniel, Giraut de Bornelh, Peire Vidal, Guilhem de Cabestanh, and two anonymous albas.

This page contains nearly 100 links to Old Provençal or Occitan troubadour culture, language and songs. It is designed to give patrons access to most of the corpus of troubadour poetry.

Discusses troubadour traditions in southern and northern France, as well as Germany. Includes information on many of the writers in this tradition whose work has survived to the present day.